How to Calculate the Mean or Average

Step by step instructions to Calculate the Mean or Average Given a rundown of numbers, it is anything but difficult to decide the number-crunching mean,â or normal. The normal is basically the whole of the numbers in a given issue, separated by the quantity of numbers included. For instance, if four number are included their whole is partitioned by four to locate the normal or number-crunching mean. Normal or number juggling mean is once in a while mistaken for two different ideas: mode and middle. The mode is the most successive incentive in a lot of numbers, while the middle is the number in the scope of a given set.â â Utilizations and Applications Its critical to realize how to compute the mean or normal of a lot of numbers. In addition to other things, this will permit you to compute your evaluation point normal. Nonetheless, youll need to ascertain the mean for a few different circumstances, as well. The idea of a normal permits analysts, demographers, financial experts, scholars, and different specialists to all the more likely comprehend the most widely recognized circumstances. For instance, by deciding the normal pay of an American family and contrasting it with the normal expense of a home, its conceivable to all the more likely comprehend the greatness of monetary difficulties confronting most American families. Likewise, by taking a gander at the normal temperature in a specific territory at a specific season, its conceivable to anticipate the plausible climate and settle on a wide scope of choices fittingly. Issues and Pitfalls While midpoints can be valuable apparatuses, they can likewise be misdirecting for an assortment of reasons. Specifically, midpoints can cloud the data contained in informational collections. Here are a couple of instances of how midpoints can be deluding: Johns grades incorporate a 4.5 in math, a 4.0 in science, a 2.0 in English and a 2.5 ever. Subsequent to averaging his scores, his consultant concluded that John is a straight B understudy. Truth be told, in any case, John is very gifted in math and science and necessities remediation in English and history.Ten individuals were in a room. One lady in the room was pregnant. In view of the normal, consequently, everybody in the room was .1% pregnant. This is, obviously, a bogus and crazy finding! The Calculation By and large, you ascertain the mean or normal of a lot of numbers by including them all up and partitioning by what number of numbers you have. This can be characterized as follows: For a lot of numbers, {x1, x2, x3, ... xj} the mean or normal is the aggregate of all x separated by j. Worked Examples Lets start with a simple model. Compute the mean of the accompanying arrangement of numbers: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 To do this, include the numbers and separation by what number of numbers you have (5 of them, for this situation). mean (1 2 3 4 5)/5 mean 15/5 mean 3 Heres another case of computing the mean. Compute the mean of the accompanying arrangement of numbers: 25, 28, 31, 35, 43, 48 What number of numbers are there? 6. In this way, include the entirety of the numbers and separation the aggregate by 6 so as to get the mean. mean (25 28 31 35 43 48)/6 mean 210/6 mean 35

How to Write Papers For Me - Keep It Simple

How to Write Papers For Me - Keep It SimpleThere is no way around it, and even if you try to study and understand how to write papers for me, you will still fail because you have a weakness in your present writing skills. It can be the fact that you lack the talent development that you need to succeed in this field of education. You may even be having a hard time learning how to write papers for me because of some personal factors which can only be attributed to you, but these are all excuses.First, let's determine what kind of papers you need to learn how to write so that you can master quality paper writing skills. There are some basic writing requirements such as proper grammar, logical and well-thought out arguments, and clear and concise sentence structure. Since you are not given any other options, this means that you will need to master these skills to be successful in this field.Next, you should focus on the kinds of topics you will be writing about so that you can come up wi th good ideas for papers. In order to think about the topic, first, take a look at what kind of literature will be presented in this field. Do you know what subjects your potential students can take on in this field? This will help you decide which subjects to write papers about.After deciding on the good subjects to write about, the next step is to choose your topic. The topic will be used to develop a topic statement. Once you have decided on the topic, it is now time to start thinking about the topic statement. This is the most important part of the whole process, since it will determine what paper to write and how to write it.Let's start with the topic statement. The topic statement is made by the topic of the paper plus the material or theme that it will deal with. Therefore, in order to successfully complete a paper, you need to first set the topic, then organize the information about it, and finally make a topic statement.Papers can also be made in different formats. In this case, you will be using PPT (Portable Document Format) or PDF (Portable Document Format). If you want to use any format that you know nothing about, you can search online for some teaching materials which have already been formatted using the right software.It is always best to download some simple programs that will simplify the entire process. It is also best to use an assistant who will help you in the creation of the paper. He can also help you with the selection of the correct font, figures, and images that you will need to complete the papers.Papers can also be made in electronic format. There are many free software applications available online which is easy to use and can be easily customized according to your preference.

Jamie Granados Essays - September 11 Attacks, Filmed Deaths

Jamie Granados 11 C Examination The word exchange focus The Twin Towers of the World Trade Center fallen on September 11, 2001, because of being struck by two stream carriers seized by 10 fear mongers subsidiary with al-Qaeda, during the September 11 attacks.[1] Two of the four captured aircrafts collided with the Twin Towers, one into the North Tower (1 World Trade Center) and the other into the South Tower (2 World Trade Center).[2] The breakdown of the Twin Towers devastated the remainder of the complex, and trash from the crumbling towers seriously harmed or obliterated in excess of twelve other adjoining and close by structures. The South Tower fallen at 9:59 am, not exactly an hour in the wake of being hit constantly commandeered carrier, and at 10:28 am the North Tower crumbled. Soon thereafter, 7 World Trade Center fallen at 5:21 pm from flames that had begun when the North Tower crumbled. Because of the assaults to the towers, a sum of 2,763 individuals kicked the bucket. Of the individuals who kicked the bucket in the towers, 2, 192 were regular folks, 343 were firemen, and 71 law implementation officials. On board the two planes, 147 regular citizens and 10 ruffians additionally kicked the bucket. Promptly following the assaults, a structure execution study (BPS) group of designing masters was shaped by the Structural Engineering Institute of the American Society of Civil Engineers (SEI/ASCE) and Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The BPS group gave its report in May 2002, finding that the airplane impacts caused broad basic harm, including limited breakdown and that the subsequent flames further debilitated the steel-surrounded structures, in the end prompting all out breakdown. They likewise introduced suggestions for increasingly point by point designing investigations of the calamity. The BPS group examination was later trailed by a progressively nitty gritty examination led by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), which likewise counseled outside building substances. This examination was finished in September 2005. The NIST agents didn't discover anything inadequate in the plan of the WTC towers, taking note of that the seriousness of the assaults and the greatness of the devastation was past anything encountered in U.S. urban areas before. Al Qaeda developed out of the counter Soviet jihad in Afghanistan during the 1980s. As the Soviets arranged to pull back, Osama Bin Laden and a couple of his nearby partners high on their apparent triumph over the compelling Soviet Union chose to gain by the system they had worked to take jihad worldwide. Receptacle Laden's vision was to make a vanguard of first class warriors who could lead the worldwide jihad extend and unite the many little jihadist bunches battling, regularly weakly, against their own systems under a solitary umbrella. The Islamic State started as an Iraqi association, and this inheritance shapes the development today. Jihadist bunches multiplied in Iraq after the 2003 U.S. attack, and numerous in the end blended around Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, a Jordanian jihadist who invested energy in Afghanistan during the 1990s and again in 2001. In spite of the fact that Bin Laden gave Zarqawi seed cash to begin his association, Zarqawi from the start wouldn't swear steadfastness to and join Al Qaeda, as he shared just some of Bin Laden's objectives and needed to stay free. Both are radical jihadists bunches whose starting points lie in the Jalalabad School of Jihadist thought. ISIS was established by Abu Musab Al Zarqawi who initially appeared in Iraq and arrangement an Al Qaeda establishment there during the American control of the nation. Be that as it may, he was so extraordinary, especially in his disdain for Shia Muslims that Al Qaeda everything except repudiated him. This was on the grounds that his merciless activities in Iraq nauseated even in-your-face jihadists. While the two gatherings will in general offer much as far as their disdain for those they think about freaks, crusaders and so forth., Al Qaeda was customarily not keen on building up a caliphate yet progressively centered around assaulting the US and its taghut Muslim partners. Interestingly, ISIS tries to restore the caliphate and become the main authentic Islamic state on the planet. They likewise, in any event in their purposeful publicity, wish to satisfy certain Islamic predictions managing the finish of times by connecting with Western powers in Syria (explicitly the plane of Dabiq). As far as belief system, apparently, ISIS depends intensely on the idea of takfirism (the convention of pronouncing

Big Tobacco The Disproportionate Effect Tobacco On The Society - 2750 Words

Big Tobacco: The Disproportionate Effect Tobacco On The Society (Essay Sample) Content: Big Tobacco Azat Muhammedov Monroe College Abstract Big Tobacco is a creation of five global tobacco companies which are British American Tobacco (BAT), China Tobacco, Philip Morris International, Imperial Brands and Japan Tobacco International. These companies hold huge market shares in the international market. Through deceiving ways, they have successfully created an extremely large customer base. Unfortunately, this customer base is composed of the minority groups in the society such as the mentally ill, youths, low income earners among other racial and ethnic minority groups. Although the companies have a huge customer base, tobacco smoking has health harmful risks are lung cancer and eventually early deaths among others. This is a clear indication that the companies have managed to blind the consumers who prefer quenching their thirst for a puff to caring about the impending health harmful effects. This is as a result of the tobacco companies exploiting the desperate and un-informed minority groups in the society. Introduction Big Tobacco consists of the largest big five global tobacco companies and they are British American Tobacco (BAT), China Tobacco, Philip Morris International, Imperial Brands and Japan Tobacco International. These companies have more than 90% of the international cigarette market share producing more than 5,000 billion cigarettes annually CITATION aco18 \l 1033 (acosh, n.d.) which predicts a huge annual demand. However, tobacco is among the most health harmful products that have high chances of leading to the consumers’ death. In fact, research shows that it kills approximately half of its users per year CITATION aco18 \l 1033 (acosh, n.d.). With such health harmful effects, it is surprising how such a product still exists in the market and manages to attract a huge consumer base which is composed of the low income earners, minorities in the society, and at worst people with mental health complications among other socially disadvantaged groups in the society CITATION tru17 \l 1033 (truth initiative, 2017). Although a threat to a health existence of the society, Big Tobacco remains a market leader in production of cigarettes through deception methods that mostly attract the minority groups in the society. The disproportionate effect tobacco on the minority groups in the society Big Tobacco companies have also been giving free cigarettes to psychiatric facilities CITATION tru17 \l 1033 (truth initiative, 2017). Research shows that about 25% of people with mental health conditions are smokers and they consume approximately 40% of the cigarettes in the United States CITATION tru17 \l 1033 (truth initiative, 2017). Information on truth initiative website (2017) further compared smokers with mental challenges and smokers without mental challenges. It found out that, in every 3 mentally ill people 1 person is a smoker which translates to 33%. On the other hand, in every 5 people who are mentally fit 1 person is a smoker which translates to 20%. This is a clear indication that mentally ill people are indeed committed smokers (Prochaska et al., 2007). This has resulted to a good relationship between the Big tobacco companies and the psychiatric centers. The companies promote their cigarettes in these facilities through giving away free packets and also at times t he facilities request for donations CITATION tru17 \l 1033 (truth initiative, 2017). Rather than helping the victims to quit smoking, the fact that Big Tobacco companies offer free cigarette donations shows how it is in the active process of ensuring they do not quit lest they lose their customer base. This is achieved through freely availing the cigarettes. The end result is early deaths since the mentally ill smokers have been found to die about 5 years earlier than mentally fit smokers. According to previous studies, mentally ill people are likely to recover from their mental health conditions if they quit stopping as a paramount part of their healing process CITATION tru17 \l 1033 (truth initiative, 2017). This implies that compared to those who do not quit, the ones who quit heal faster. Further, victims are likely to heal successively without relapsing if they quit smoking. However, the Big Tobacco companies spread propaganda that quitting smoking only worsens the condition of the mentally ill victim. This implies that victims should continue smoking since through self-sponsored misleading researches there are adverse dangers in quitting smoking CITATION tru17 \l 1033 (truth initiative, 2017). More information in truth initiative website (2017), reveals that the tobacco companies tend to block all the laid restrictions against smoking. Even in the mental health facilities, the companies encourage the victims to smoke when they are aware of the slow recovering p rocess for a mentally ill victim. How ruthless! For ages, the company has been deceiving the public concerning the health dangers that accompany smoking CITATION Cle18 \l 1033 (ClearWay, n.d.). Information published in ClearWay website shows that the company has been using adverts that hide its awareness of the health dangers of cigarettes ranging from addiction, illnesses and early deaths, and promoting some cigarette products advertising them as harmless. Generally, they advertise cigarettes smoking as a way of bringing a relaxation mood and relieving stress. Through this socially injustice mechanism the company has targeted youths as the current generation smokers so that they can replace the quitting and the dying smokers. Therefore, the youth form a strong customer base for the company globally. It reaches them through hiding the dangers attached to smoking and devising ways of attracting and influencing them into smoking. For instance, using adverts that imply that smoking refreshes or feels cool and fail to advertise on th e health risks. The young generation that falls in the company’s snares risks exposure to ill-healthy and addiction. Through hiding the true information on cigarettes the company ruthlessly exploits the young people through deceivingly influencing into them smoking. Big Tobacco has made its product more addictive through genetically engineering the tobacco plants to contain double the previous amount of nicotine CITATION tru181 \l 1033 (truth initiative, 2018). The manipulations made on the cigarettes were adding bronchodilators subsistence that eases the entry of smoke into the lungs, adding sugar and menthol levels in order to make inhaling of smoke easier and adding ammonia to make the travelling of nicotine to the brain faster CITATION tru181 \l 1033 (truth initiative, 2018). This implies that smokers are at the dangers of completely losing themselves into smoking. As noted earlier, the minority groups in the society form the largest proportion of the Big Tobacco consumers. Therefore, these cigarette â€Å"improvements† are made targeted the minority groups in the society. Unfortunately, the consumers are not informed of the production changes made. They blindly smoke, unaware of the changes in the composition of their cigarettes. H ow unfortunate! Any chances of them quitting smoking are ruthlessly grabbed and in most cases they may quit smoking in their graves since they are more exposed to deadly healthy effects. Tobacco funds researchers and researching institutes that c...

Compensation And Benefits Of Employees - 921 Words

You are the HR manager of a relatively new retail company that has both retail stores and Internet sales. Your company is steadily growing in revenue and profitability. The company realizes that in order to retain the solid, highly productive workforce it currently has in place, it is important to enhance the base compensation and benefits package offered to the employees. The company currently offers a basic compensation program and only federally mandated benefits. Employee surveys suggest the compensation and benefits program may be out of date. Employees are beginning to consider leaving the organization. 1.Propose two (2) methods an HR professional could use to determine incentive pay. Specify the principal manner in which the†¦show more content†¦The merit increase is normally given on th e basis of an employees having achieved some objective performance standard, although a superior’s subjective evaluation of subordinate performance may play a large role in the increase given. Merit raises can serve to motivate if employees perceive the raise given to be related to the performance required to earn them. Merit pay plans establish an effort performance and performance reward link, if an employee’s effort leads to successful performance, the employee is rewarded by the organization. In consideration to group and company performance if the individual performs well, the reward is granted regardless of how well others have performed their jobs or how well the company, as a whole has done. Pay for performance incentives such as gain sharing which is a program which measures increases in productivity and effectiveness and distributes a portion of each gain to employees. (Noel, p.379). With gainsharing the organizations have determined that total quality may be best achieved through effective teamwork. Gainsharing plans offer employees a cash reward for meeting or exceeding goals based on the collaborative performance of a team of employees. Unlike individual incentive plans gainsharing plan allows the employees to know what needs to be done to achieve a payoff. The formula is stated in objective terms and protected from management bias. Gainsharing also encourages the employeesShow MoreRelatedCompensation And Benefits Of Employees1446 Words   |  6 PagesCompensation and Benefits When most people thing of compensation and diversity in the same category, they assume the discussion will be under the umbrella of discriminatory practices against women and minorities. However, compensation and benefits are tools at the disposal of human resources professionals for recruiting and retaining a diverse employee pool even in the absence of a formal diversity management programs. Like a properly executed training and development program, benefits packages canRead MoreEffects of Globalization: Compensation and Benefits for Employees677 Words   |  3 PagesCompensation and Benefits The process of globalization has numerous significant effects on countries, organizations, and individuals. These effects can be observed in the quality of products, in their prices, but also in their availability. Because of globalization, numerous companies prefer to expand their business on international level. Some of them outsource some of their processes and activities to cheaper destinations that allow them to reduce their investments. But globalization alsoRead MoreEmployee Compensation Programs Essay1416 Words   |  6 PagesBenefits have most definitely changed throughout the past years. According to Compensation, during 1880 people worked approximately 14 hours every single day except on Sundays and would only receive a raise if they stayed with the company for five years and if the company prospered during that time (Gerhart, 2011, p. 414). Over the next couple of years, employees began seeing work hours change from 60-64 hours per week to 54 hours by the year 1930. Eventually, employees were able to have holidaysRead MoreThe Implementation Of The Apple Company1657 Words   |  7 PagesThe Apple Company satisfies most of its employees using its comprehensive compensation plan that includes all workers irrespective of their positions. To start with, it is among the most profitable companies in the world and it focuses on the manufacturing and designing of software and electronics. Additionally, its most pop ular hardware devices are iPod, Mac Book, iMac, and iPhone, which make significant contributions to the company’s profits. The software devices that it manufactures are iTunesRead MoreConsiderations for Compensation and Benefits1442 Words   |  6 PagesConsiderations for Compensation and Benefits Abstract Compensation is one of the most important considerations perspective employees will make prior to accepting a job offer. For this reason, another performance of Human Resource (HR) professionals is the compensation analysis. The focus of the analyst in this position is to use strategy in formulating compensation and benefits packages that are attractive and conducive to maintaining talented employees (Editorial Board, 2011). As another criticalRead MoreLeveraging Labor Relations1366 Words   |  6 PagesCompensation and Benefits Leveraging Labor Relations Companies are interested in leveraging relationships with their employees in order to improve the quality of the health care they provide. Labor relations refer to managing situations between companies and their employees in different unions. This activity is usually attributed to human resources management. Therefore, this ensures that the objectives of the company are reflected by these relations. It is important that companies try to improveRead MoreThe Importance of Compesantions and Benefits781 Words   |  3 PagesCompensations and Benefits Compensation and benefits are vital in maintaining morale/satisfaction, encourage performance, and organization loyalty. Furthermore, it helps an organization to internal and external equity and reduce turnover. FedEx is an industry leader in US air freight and maintain high revenue growth while controlling market share. As stated in the case, FedEx was changing the traditional pension plan to a cash balance plan due to recent accounting rule changes and employees desiredRead MoreCompensation and Benefits Essay1427 Words   |  6 PagesCourse Project The Compensation and Benefits of the Dooly County School System [pic] Renee Bowens HRM430 Professor Eureka Hampton August 16, 2009 DeVry University Abstract This report will show what compensation and benefits are offered to the employees of Dooly County. It will also show how a sick leave bank would benefit the employees that have exhausted their sick and personal leave days in order to care for themselves or their families. I hope this paper will show readers thatRead MoreBenefits And Benefits Of Ford Motor Company1657 Words   |  7 Pageslocated in the United States of America. The company has employed thousands of employees across the world. Any successful company must provide its employees with a good compensation and benefits plan to remain competitive. As a result, this study focused on researching the types of compensation and benefits plans Ford Motor Company offered to its employees. The study found out that the company offers compensation and benefits plans such as base pay, variable pay, insurance (health, risk, and life), holidayRead MoreAssignment1202 Words   |  5 PagesCompensation Management in corporates amp; components of compensation | By Regu Krishnan   Dy. Manager Ford India    | Introduction:- The increasing competitiveness of the labour market and turnover of employees had resulted in nightmare in compensation planning. Apart from this, the growing demands of the employees and competitive salaries offered by multinational companies had almost resulted in a compensation war in certain industries. Therefore, the human resources managers

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd ) - 928 Words

The most common mental disorder children are diagnosed with is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. 11% of children in the United States have been diagnosed with ADHD as of 2011. The number of children being diagnosed each year in the past decade has increased 5% per year as of 2003(â€Å"Centers for Disease and Control†, 2015). ADHD is a mental disorder in children that makes it harder for them to pay attention. The children diagnosed with ADHD are usually hyperactive and show signs of impulsive behavior. Children with ADHD have a hard time with following directions, talk nonstop, run around a lot, are very impatient, and play with everything they see (â€Å"National Institute of Mental Health†, 2013). There is not an exact medical test that can determine if a child has ADHD or not. A doctor examines a child for symptoms of ADHD. A child can be diagnosed with predominantly inattentive presentation or predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentation, or they can be diagnosed with both. Children have to show at least six or more symptoms in each criteria to be diagnosed with ADHD (â€Å"Center of Disease and Control†, 2015). These symptoms must be at least be present for 6 months in a child and affect their ability to perform in multiple settings like at school and home. The main problem is being able to successfully diagnose the mental disorder in children. There are many factors involved that go with diagnosing a child s with ADHD, which can lead to under-diagnosing, misdiagnosing,Show MoreRelatedAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1710 Words   |  7 Pages Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or ADHD which is often referred to as childhood hyperactivity, it s a severe and chronic disorder for children. It is one of the most prevalent childhood disorders, and affects 3% to 5% of the school-age population. Boys outnumber girls three or more to one. Children with ADHD can experience many behavioral difficulties that often manifest in the form of inattention, being easily distracted, being impulsive, and hyperactivity. As a result, children withRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1744 Words   |  7 PagesI chose to research Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, otherwise known as ADHD, in culture and child development for the following reasons. First, it is important as educators that we understand the difference between restlessness and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in children. Secondly, we must be conscious of the origins of ADHD, how to recognize it, the myths and prejudices against it, and kn ow the most appropriate intervention strategies. Educators must also realize that evenRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1495 Words   |  6 Pagesoccasionally forget to do their homework, get fidgety when they lose interest in an activity, or speak out of turn during class time. But inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are all signs of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD is a neuro-development disorder and can start as early as three years old throughout adulthood. People with ADHD have trouble focusing on tasks and activities, this can have a negative impact on the individual in different ways. It can make the child feelRead MoreAttention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1699 Words   |  7 Pageshas had some difficulty sitting still, paying attention and even controlling impulsive behavior once or twice in our life. For some people, however, the problems that occur slim to none in our life occurs in the lives of theirs every day and interfere with every aspect of their life inclusive of home, academic, social and work. . The interaction of core ADHD symptoms with co-morbid problems and neuropsychological deï ¬ cits suggests that individuals with ADHD are likely to experience problems in academicRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)1259 Words   |  5 PagesAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly found disorder in children in the United States. Statistics show that the male to female ratio for children with ADHD is eight to one. 4.4 million Children between the ages four to seventeen have diagnosed with ADHD (Cheng Tina L et al.). African American children are at a higher risk for having ADHD. Caucasian children are least likely to have ADHD. 2.5 million children receive medication for ADHD, but African American childrenRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1002 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract There are many disorders that are first diagnosed whether it is during infancy, childhood or adolescence. The disorders range from intellectual disabilities, learning disabilities, communication disorders, all the way through to elimination disorders. Attention-deficit and disruptive disorders are the most common. All including AD/HD, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and unspecified disruptive disorder. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is one of the most commonRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1058 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom disorders such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (or ADHD/ADD.) While much is known about these disorders and how they affect the education of children, there are only a few known methods that consistently help an affected child focus and target in on what they need to learn. Medication for children With Attention Deficit (Hyperactivity) Disorder must be used as an aid to help the affected child to focus and comprehend information being presented to them. Children with Attention DeficitRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )978 Words   |  4 Pagesin diagnoses of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children since the 21st century. Per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention the increase has been seen as a difference from, â€Å"7.8% in 2003 to 9.5% in 2007 and to 11.0% in 2011† (p. 4). Many questions arise concerning why the numbers are on the rise, especially when boys are 7.6 percent more likely than girls to receive the diagnosis of ADHD. When should the line be drawn between a disorder, and hyperactivity that comes withRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1552 Words   |  7 PagesATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER Seth was a second grader at West Elementary. He constantly got reprimanded by his teachers for not paying attention in class. He could not understand the information given to him during the school day. He thought he was stupid and useless. But he was not. His parents got him tested by a doctor for ADHD. He is one of many kids in the United States who have been recognized as having it. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a major issue in the educationRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd ) Essay700 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is ADHD? Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects almost 10% of American children between 13 and 18 years old, as well as 4% of U.S. adults over 18. Only a licensed mental health professional can provide an ADHD diagnosis, after a thorough evaluation. ADHD has three primary characteristics: Inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Inattentive: Are effortlessly distracted, fail to catch details, are forgetful, and regularly switch activities. Find it difficult to focus

Corporate and Commercial Law Management Pty Ltd.

Question: Discuss about the Corporate and Commercial Law for Management Pty Ltd. Answer: Introduction In order to maintain the rules and regulations of a country as well as for performing activities within the country the country usually has some certain law that govern the citizens of the country. In order to perform business activities within a country the business or corporate laws of that specific country must be abide by the corporate as with these corporate laws the business of the country governs. In Australia, there is Corporation Act 2001 and this Act is designed to govern the industry sector of Australia. The corporation Act is an important Act of the Commonwealth of Australia deal with the business entities of Australia at federal level as well as interstate level (Harris, 2013). All the laws related to the business organization and the business activities use to govern by this Corporation Act 2001 in Australia. The corporate Act enforces numerous additional fiduciary duties for the directors and controllers of the business organizations, which are incorporated under the l egislation or Act of Corporation Act 2001. As per the corporation Act 2001 (Cth), Division 3 section 197 the directors possess certain power in the organization and at the same time they have to perform some duties and responsibilities on behalf of the organization and they are liable to meet certain standards in order to deliver their performance (McQueen, 2009). Moreover, they are liable to the stakeholders of the organization and the investors can sue them for their deteriorating or substandard performance as per the law on breach of duty of care, skill and diligence. Main Context Corporations Act 2001 The corporations act states number of additional duties on the directors of a company. The officers of a company should comply with corporations act to carry their duties. According to the corporations act, officers are required to: Act in a proper manner and in good faith Act with diligence and care Avoid inappropriate use of the information Avoid inappropriate use of the position Disclosing certain interest Corporations Act section 180 provides civil obligations that an officer or a director should exercise a degree of diligence and care in the discharge of the duties and in exercise of the powers (Symon, 2006). The requirement for an officer or a director is to apply a reasonable a degree of diligence or care would be satisfied where they: Make an appropriate judgment for an appropriate purpose and in good faith. Do not take decision to fulfill their personal interest Take decisions and judgment for the development of the organization It is very important for the officers to satisfy the required levels of diligence, skills and duty of care. They should take an active step in the development of the company and understanding the rules and policies appropriately (Mallett, Kendall and Boyd, 2007). The section of 181 of corporation act states that officers and directors should discharge their duties and power in best interest of the company, in good faith and for an appropriate purpose. The section of 184 (1) of corporation act states that a breach of duty would be consider as a criminal breach if the director or officer behave in a reckless manner. The section 183 of corporation act states that the officers of a company must not use the information for personal benefit. The section 182 of corporation act provides civil obligation that forbid an officer or director from making an improper use of their positions to gain a benefit. Therefore, if an officer breaches his duty then it would be considered as criminal offence (Australian corporations legislation, 2010). The corporation act 2001 states breach of the statutory duties can lead to penalties under the act that ranges up to $200,000. The act states that an officer of a company is liable personally for the breach of the duty of care, diligence and skills. Therefore, officers are required to act for an appropriate purpose and in good faith, act with diligence and care, avoid inappropriate use of the information and position and disclosure of the interest (Homburg, 2008). Relevant case According to the Corporation Act 2001 Section 197 the directors of an organization are liable for the debts as well as the other obligations, which are incurred by the organization as a trustee of that organization (Mitchell, 2011). As per the law a director of a company is liable to discharge the entire or part of the liability incurred by the company in case of the company has not fulfill the liabilities or cannot fulfill the liabilities or unable to fulfill part of the liabilities of the company. In case of the company is not entitled to be completely covered against the liability incurred by the company, out of the trust asset exclusively as the violation of trust by the company, the company performing exterior to the scope of the power of the directors in the company. In case of deny by the trust or restricting the corporation right to be covered against the liability is also not entitled to be completely indemnified against the liability out of the trust assets. The directors a re usually liable individually as well as jointly with the company (Symon, 2006). The directors do not have any liability under the subsection (1) in case of the director entitled to be completely indemnified by the other directors of the company. Corporate Debacle The Trio Group collapsed which was the largest superannuation scam in the Australian history. Approximately $176 million of investment funds of Australians either missing or lost. Due to this collapse, more than 55,000 investors were affected. The government of Australia provided compensation to investors of about $55 million who had invested in the group. The Australian securities and investment commission and Australian prudential regulation authority took actions against the people and officers involved with the group which include former and current directors, financial advisors and auditors (Washington, 2010). The actions taken by the government included prison sentences of three years, suspension of the Registrable superannuation entity license, enforceable undertakings ad cessation or cancellation of the Australian financial services licenses. In the late 2003, the collapse of the group commenced when the write global asset management Pty ltd purchased funds management busines s in the Albury, New South Wales. The directors of the Write Global were Mr Matthew Littauer, Mr Cameron Anderson and Mr Shawn Richard. They became the directors of the Tolhurst Funds Management Pty Ltd. The director Mr Richard became the main figure of Trio Group for the collapse. The following directors changed large number of companies such as Tolhurst Funds Management Pty Ltd was renamed as Astarra Funds Management Pty Ltd and a subsidiary of the Astarra Funds Management was reamed as Trio Capital Limited. The RSE license was held by Trio issued by the APRA (Watson, Gleeson and Higgins, 2013). The company was the trustee of Apra superannuation funds and a superannuation trust. The Trio was responsible of 29 managed investment schemes. Therefore, the officers of the group are liable for the breach of the duty of care, diligence and skill. Examining the law on breach of duty of care, skill and diligence The examination of the role of the directors on the basis of duty of care, skill and diligence is dependent on the management of the corporation. In general terms the board is responsible for the provision of the strategic planning and thereby the strategic planning helps in the creation of the appropriate corporation with providing the knowledge about the business and the financial affairs of the corporation. In discharging the mandate to manage the corporate affairs, the board must comply on the objects of the corporation of the laws as stated by the patent letters and the articles of the incorporation (CASSEL, 2016). The creation of the examination of the breaching of the law helps in the creation of the interests of the shareholders with the creation of the interest and the shareholders that are helpful for the creation of focus on the role of the directors with the creation of the incorporation and the henceforth helps in the creation of the establishment of the rules. The direc tors help in the creation of the power with the creation of the competence and the diligence helps in the creation of the best interests and thereby the corporation is seemed to be enhanced with the creation of the fiduciary duty. The fiduciary duty is enacted because the obligation of the governing bodies with the creation of the appropriate legislation boundaries and the standard of the care (Cope, 2006). It henceforth enhances the attempt of the combination of the court decisions with the creation of the attempt of the resources and thereby the legislations are seemed to be under the content of the non-corporation laws. The trust must be established for the motive of creation of the profit and thereby the corporation organized helps in the creation of the duty of the loyalty. The case provided in this report helps in the establishment of the breaching of the fiduciary acts that are helpful for the enhancement of the case with the establishment of the contracts and the torts. The duty of loyalty with the creation of the direction helps in the creation of the honesty and the faith with the creation of the implications that are seemed to be avoiding all the situations and also the general bounding helps in the creation of the conflicts in the interest (Griffith, 2008). The Duty of the skill helps in carrying out the obligations made in the non-profit corporations with the achievement of the degree of the skills and also helps in the creation of the common law known as the substantive law. Under the common corporation Act under the provincial incorporation helps in the creation of the statutes with the construction of the standards thereby it also helps in the construction of the standard of the care in the form of the higher skills with the creation of the abilities in order to make the stand reforms (Yip, 2015). The reasonable limitation must be focused for the enhancement of the decisions overseeing the materials of the corporation. The advice of the professionals must be considered with the clarification of the aspects of the operation of the corporation and also helps in the certifying certain limitations with supervising the roles of the senior management. The Duty of diligence provides the appropriate management of the initiative taken for attending the meetings also helps in resolving the issues that are identified in all aspects of the organization with keeping in view the enhancements of the organization. Under the acts of the corporation, the requisite particular skill level is determined with acknowledging the knowledge and the skill level. The implications lay in variety of the skill levels and thereby it also helps in the creation of the regular board meetings with informing the knowledge of affecting the corporation. The practical implications provides the requirement of calling he annual meetings with the consideration of the awareness towards the policies and also the management is also seemed to be crucial for the enhancement of the program with the appropriate execution of the information provided about the program (Lowry, 2012). The implementation of the screening protocol helps in the consideration of the addressed issue s with the enhancement of the protocols considered. Conclusion The corporate and commercial law helps in managing the business activities within the specific country or territory. With the corporate law the government or authority control the business activities of a certain constituency as it govern the business communities of that particular constituency. It helps the business organizations to perform their activities by meeting the entire terms of the legislations of the constituency. In Australia, the Corporation Act 2001 is made for governing the business activities within the Commonwealth and Federal constituency (Harris, 2013). As per the Act the directors of the organization or the management authorities who govern the organization have some certain duties and responsibilities along with the power to govern the organizations. Moreover, the directors have to perform some additional duties. According to the corporation Act 2001, the directors should perform their duties with proper manners and in good faith; they should act with diligence and care. Beside this the directors of the organization must avoid improper usage of the position as well as must use the information properly. Apart from this the directors should not disclose certain information, which hinder the development process of an organization. References Australian corporations legislation. (2010). Chatswood, N.S.W.: LexisNexis Butterworths. Homburg, J. (2008).Cornerstone law series. [Adelaide]: Law Society of South Australia. Mallett, J., Kendall, K. and Boyd, B. (2007).ASIC's processes for receiving and referring for investigation statutory reports of suspected breaches of the Corporations Act 2001. Canberra: Australian National Audit Office. Symon, H. (2006).Corporations Act 2001. Melbourne: Leo Cussen Institute. Washington, S. (2010).Trio debacle could cost $180m-plus. [online] The Sydney Morning Herald. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/business/trio-debacle-could-cost-180mplus-20100518-vc8b.html [Accessed 12 Aug. 2016]. Watson, J., Gleeson, J. and Higgins, R. (2013).Historical foundations of Australian law. Annandale, N.S.W.: Federation Press. Harris, J. (2013).Australian corporate law. Chatswood: Butterworths. McQueen, R. (2009).A social history of company law. Farnham, Surrey, England: Ashgate Pub. Mitchell, R. (2011).Law, corporate governance and partnerships at work. Farnham, Surrey, England: Ashgate Pub. Symon, H. (2006).Corporations Act 2001. Melbourne: Leo Cussen Institute. CASSEL, D. (2016). Outlining the Case for a Common Law Duty of Care of Business to Exercise Human Rights Due Diligence.Business and Human Rights Journal, 1(02), pp.179-202. Cope, M. (2006). A Comparative Evaluation of Developments in Equitable Relief for Breach of Fiduciary Duty and Breach of Trust.QUT Law Review, 6(1). Griffith, R. (2008). Abuse and the law: a breach of duty.Nurs Residential Care, 10(7), pp.357-361. Lowry, J. (2012). The Irreducible Core of the Duty of Care, Skill and Diligence of Company Directors: Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Healey.Mod. L. Rev., 75(2), pp.249-260. Yip, M. (2015). Challenging the role and duty of directors in high profile corporate failures in the USA and Europe in the wake of financial crisis - possible allegations against board of directors for breach of duty of care, skill and diligence?.EuroMed J. of Management, 1(1), p.70.

Own Story Essays - British Cuisine, Canadian Cuisine, Precipitation

Own Story "Bzzzzzzzzz!!!" the alarm rang. Small dirty hands hit the off switch and got out of bed. The scrawny boy walked over to the window in his old spider-man pajamas and looked outside. Everything was white as far as the eyes could see. The ground was covered with a silky smooth blanket of fresh new snow, which concealed the old brown sheet from the week before. By the driveway the top of an "open house" peered out from the snow. After changing, the little child proceeded down the brown carpeted stairs which spit up dust with every step he took. The walls of the old house were maroon with an occasional faded outline of an old picture. The hardwood floors were also barren and would creak with every step. The boy walked into the kitchen, turned on the stove and placed a griddle over it. Next he opened the old fashioned refrigerator. The light inside flickered on and off as he reached for the eggs and bacon. He shut the door and headed over to the counter where he placed the egg carton and bacon. His nimble hands picked up three slices of bacon and broke two eggs on the griddle. The pan was not warm so the eggs and bacon just sat there. Suddenly the boy heard a car door slam and people talking. He looked out the window and saw two women heading towards the front door. The shy boy quickly turned around and ran out the back door. The people outside trudged through the thick heavy snow towards the front door. They reached the doorstep of the off-white house, and rammed the rusty knocker against the forest green door. The knock let out a loud hollow echo. They stood in the cold waiting for someone to open the door, but after five minutes they decided to invite themselves into the house. "Hello?" one woman shouted. They waited for an answer but only heard the crackling of bacon grease coming from the kitchen. The air had the savory scent of smoked bacon and eggs, which made their stomachs growl. They slowly walked to the kitchen and peered in to see nothing but burnt eggs and bacon on the sizzling griddle. They looked to the left and saw that the back door was open. Outside, the tracks of fresh footprints created a path in the snow that lead toward a white picket fence. The gate to the fence swung back and forth in the cold sharp wind. "Ahhh!! Help!!" a sharp shrill came from behind the fence. The two ladies gave each other a quick glance as the call for help rang out over and over . They both ran to the gate as the fresh snow flurried off from the soles of their boots. Two feet past the gate they both tripped over a thin wire that was stretched out across the ground. They lifted their now cold and wet faces out of the snow, and saw nothing but an empty yard. The women began to grow goose bumps all over their bodies and gave each other a nervous look. They stood up and wiped the snow off their bodies. An angry growl grew louder and louder from behind them and now their goose bumps grew to little mole hills all over their bodies. They slowly turned around and they both became as white as the velvety snow that surrounded them. Their knees began to shake and their hearts started to beat faster and faster until their heartbeats became one monotone sound. Their eyes opened widely and stared straight ahead as if they had seen a ghost. However, it was no ghost they were looking at. Instead they were looking at a 12 year old boy covered in snow and dirt. The fence had now been closed. A large evil grin was stretched across the boy's face and his jet black eyes glared at the two helpless women. His arms were raised like a vampire before his transformation into a bat. The women thought that the devil himself had possessed this boy. This thought was the last that ever entered their heads. The boy let out a sharp scream and pounced on the two women like a tiger who hadn't eaten for weeks. Their screams only lasted for a split second and then dead silence rang through the cold dry air. The young boy, now tired from digging, threw the limp bodies in the shallow graves in the snow. He

The impact of Boo Radley in To Kill A Mockingbird essays

The impact of Boo Radley in To Kill A Mockingbird essays In novels, sometimes characters that are not seen or heard from much in the story play a very large part. They impact every aspect of the novel including plot, characters and theme. Characters like this do not really have any speaking parts or have any real physical contact with the main characters. Harper Lees novel To Kill A Mockingbird has a character like this. He is mentioned often but is only actually spoken with and seen by the main characters once. His name is Boo Radley. Boo Radley is very significant to this novel, he greatly impacts the plot, character, and theme of To Kill A Mockingbird. Although Boo Radley does not meet many characters during the course of the story, his influence on them is very great. Because of Boo, Scout learns many important lessons. She realizes that you should not be afraid of someone before you get to know them. She hears a lot of gossip about Boo Radley, and even though he is described as creepy and horrid, when she finally meets him she is not afraid. It is because of Boo that she understands the lesson that her father tried to teach her. When she takes Boo home she thinks: Atticus was right. One time he said that you never really know a man until you stand in his shoes and walk around in them. Just standing on the Radley porch was enough. (Pg. 297) She sees the world through Boos eyes and learns to appreciate what others go through. Atticus is effected by Boo when he rediscovers the compassion and thoughtfulness displayed by Boo when he looks out for his children during the fire and after the pageant. He is reminded of the moc kingbird lesson he then passes on to Scout. This influences his decision to defend Tom Robinson. Jem becomes wiser because of the lessons he learns with help from Boo, even though they do not actually meet. Jem is made aware of the discrimination around him and how cruel people are to each other. He vie...

The Social Side of Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Social Side of Decision Making - Essay Example Analyzing Bennett's response, the reason why I agreed to his analysis was because I applied my answer based on the events that happened to be the circumstances of the case. Looking at the man's profit as a result of continuous instead of isolated and deterministic events, my line of reasoning would indeed be similar to Bennett's. That the man earned $10 because, after all the transactions he engaged in, he ended up with a profit of $10. However, taking into account Amy's response on the problem, it surfaced that logically, and within the business context, the man ended up earning $20, for the two determined transactions stated in the case. Thus, the difference between Bennett's and Amy's response was the context in which both members analyzed the problem. Bennett considered the man's transactions as a continuous process, hence producing a profit of $10. Amy, on the other hand, applied the case in terms of isolating each transaction conducted by the man, hence coming up with the $20 a nswer. An important principle shown in the activity is the application of the right context in a problem in order to come up with the right or correct answer.

Discussion Board Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Discussion Board - Essay Example Four issues have arisen regarding the criminal justice system and its relation to individual rights and social control – restorative justice, retributive justice, psychiatric imprisonment and transformative justice. Restorative justice assumes that the victims can be restored to a condition â€Å"just as good as† before the criminal incident and that penalties for wrongs include community service, restitution and other alternatives to imprisonment. Psychiatric imprisonment, on the other hand, treats crime nominally as illness and, therefore, could be treated by psychoanalysis, drugs and other techniques. Transformative justice, meanwhile, does not consider the life of the victim and the offender, nor make any comparison about it before or after the criminal incident. It assumes that all people can be transformed and not to re-offend nor avenge. (Criminal) It is in my opinion that the United States criminal justice process follows the retributive model. That is because our system uses punishment to â€Å"pay back† wrongful deeds. When we say pay back we do not necessarily mean primitive forms of vengeance, but imprisonment, capital punishment and other punishments that the law deemed proportionate to criminal acts done against other human beings and the society as a whole. Our retributive system does not advocate vengeance per se, but justice in response to the wrongs committed against the victims and innocents. (Maiese) There are three important features in the United States criminal justice system. First, the US criminal jurisprudence is designed to protect the rights of the accused. Second, it is an open system where the court responds and reflects to its environment and therefore, is inevitably connected to the political process. And finally the third feature is the interdependency of the agencies within it – the police, courts and correctional departments. Currently, the US criminal justice

Successful lawlessness Essay Example for Free

Successful lawlessness Essay The League was virtually dead and, during the Japanese invasion of China in 1931, the League in reply to Chinese appeal performed its duty of saving the peace by merely passing resolution sympathizing in the Chinese cause. The League now became a passive onlooker of the aggression of Japan. The Aeschylus, the dismemberment of Czechoslovakia, and the outbreak of World War II following Hitler’s attack on Poland were events in the face of which the League acted as a helpless spectator. But when in 1939, Russia attacked Finland; the League of Nations suddenly became conscious about its duty as a champion of peace and expelled Russia from its membership with unusual and unnatural haste. The League maintained its existence till April 1946 when it voted its abolition in a meeting called at Geneva. Thus, there was an unbroken crescendo of successful lawlessness and the League had to remain as a helpless spectator.

Distance Learning as an Effective Enhancement to the Elementary School

Distance Learning as an Effective Enhancement to the Elementary School Curriculum Distance learning does not replace the existing classroom; rather it has proven to be an effective and useful tool in expanding the elementary school curriculum. Distance learning is defined as the â€Å"education for students working at home, with little or no face-to-face with teachers and with material provided remotely, for example through email, television, or correspondence† (Encarta World English Dictionary, 2001). The concept of distance learning has been around for centuries, evolving from primarily correspondence courses, to the Internet and two-way audio and video connection that are used now to establish a connection between the teacher and the students. (Poole, 2000). Distance learning has been used to augment the curriculum for elementary schools, rather than replace the personalized classroom that is vital to student development. It is designed to expand and fill in the gaps of the traditional course offerings, while meeting the widely diverse needs of each individual student. Distance learning has been designed to enhance student education, while still keeping learning firmly centered within the school. (Ravaglia & Sommer, 2000). There have been many arguments, both for and against distance learning; all have been well supported. However, there is extensive support for the benefits of distance learning, and how it has expanded and enriched the elementary school curriculum. There have been many critics that strongly advocate against the use of distance learning in elementary schools. Many believe that this new teaching method may replace the existing classroom all together, and won’t give students the adequate face-to-face con... ... Poole, D.M. (2000). Student’s participation in a discussion-oriented online course: A case study. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 33, (2), 162-177. Ravaglia, R. & Sommer R. (2000). Expanding the curriculum with distance learning. Principal, 79, (3), 10-13. Scheps, S.G. (1999). Homeschoolers in the library. School Library Journal, 45, (2), 39-40. Truell, A.D. (2001). Student’s attitudes towards and evaluation of internet-assisted instruction. Delta Pi Epsilon Journal, 43, (1), 40-49. Expanding the Curriculum with Distance Learning. (2001). Retrieved November 13, 2001, from http://iiswinprd03.petersons.com/distancelearning/default.asp TEAMS Distance Learning. (2001). Retrieved November 5, 2001, from teams.lacoe.edu. Distance Education. (2000). In Encarta World English Dictionary (Vol. 14, pp. 309). Bloomsbury Publishing Plc.

ARTICLE CRITIQUE

A denied that the agency merely had a authority to intercept the emails and online communications in united states. Point According to the author, Edward snowmen is a hero. He revealed the information which people deserved to know. He put his career and life at risk. He did not contain any sensitive information which can threaten national securities. He discoursed that senior intelligence officials mislead congress. N. S. A collected the most data of these countries such as Iran, Pakistan, Jordan, India, Egypt.It tracks Americans allies more than terrorists. EVIDENCE Snowmen spent lot of time to go through from surveillance program and the data which collecting around the world. He did not reveal anything that would harm the countries such as identities or military plans. Yes, the evidence is factual which based on something that has actually occurred. When snowmen fled to Hong-Kong and Glenn Greenland who is journalists broke the story how on routinely gather the phone logs of Ameri can, who have no relation to the terrorism.RELIABILITY United Kingdom's Guardian newspaper released secret documents obtained from snowmen an American intelligence body demanding that version release information on a daily basis culled from its American customers activities. The following day, guardian and Washington times released snowman's leaked information on PRISM. Then Author published an article in New Yorker which becomes the source of information and he uploads them to the internet. SCRAP CURRENCY The information was published on jejune, 201 3 in new Yorker RELEVANCEThis information is related to my topic and indented audience is everybody. I have looked at a number of sources. Caddis, j. (201 3, jejune). Why Edward snowmen is a hero. Retrieved from http://WV. Anymore. Com/news/john- caddis/why-Edward-snowmen-is-a-hero AUTHORITY John Caddis is a writer for â€Å"The new Yorker†. He has been writing since 1995. He has had a plenty of different jobs such as a financial commenter for the BBC and a business editor. His background may make his article seems more convictive because his job needs him to think in different perspectives.ACCURACY This information released in New Yorker and it is a secondary source as well. He had lot of evidence and references to support his opinion. For example, he wrote snowmen spent months meticulously analyzing every document. The author is trying to say that snowmen prepared for his action, just upload all secret documents he had incautiously. He was being responsible for what he was doing and he knows what he should do. URL reveal about the source is commercial. PURPOSE The purpose of the information is to inform the public. Article Critique Journal of Business systems governance and ethics looks into different aspect of business ethics. It has different papers which are looking into the issue of organization ethics, human resource management, and relationship between the organization and its environment.It looks into the relationship between corporate ethics and personal ethics and how they impact no the business.   It also looks into  Ã‚   the aspect of professionalism, ethics and the life long learning among ICT professionals.This journal also looks tat negotiation decision support systems and the link between the operations strategy and human resource management for organizations like non-governmental organizations that work in unstable environment.Literature ReviewThis paper by Helen Maddeen-Hallett (2009) looks into the relationship that exists between corporations and is ethical standings in addition to the ethical standing of employees assessed within a framework of eight main dynamics. It argues that there i s a direct correlation between the ethical standards of a corporation and that of its employees because the highest ethical behavior possible for an organization equals the highest standards of its personnel.It shows that companies which behaves ethically are likely to be more profitable compared to those which are believed to be unethically exploiting resources from the public (Brenner, 1992). These organizations develop anti-trust and non-cooperation and have a cost of two and half trillion dollars per year. These organizations are also likely to damage themselves and also damage the dynamics at which they intersect.This paper identifies the main problem to be how it is possible to find ethical personnel that will result to benefit for all the related dynamics. The paper deeply explores the idea of business being a part of the whole scope of personal ethics.   It also looks at indicators of ethically minded personnel to generate important information that can be used when hiring especially middle and top management personnel.In the second paper, Agrwal (2009) looks into negotiation theory in line with game theory, psychology, and negotiation analysis. He argues that there is a trend towards Integration Negotiation Theory that brings together these three theories.The paper combines prospect theory and negotiation theory  Ã‚   in order to incorporate the risk associated in negotiations. The paper discuss development of Negotiation Decision Support System (NDSS) which is a information technology tool used in negation theory.Tatnall and Davey (2009) discusses about aspect of professionalism, ethics, and lifelong learning of ICT professionals. The article looks into how ICT professionals have found it necessary to keep on upgrading their skills in line with emerging technology. The article discuses in details what is ICT professionals and what entails risk reduction.Hassin (2009) discusses the link between operation strategy and strategic human resource manag ement for NGOs which operates in unstable environment. The article discusses how HRM need to be proactive and responsible to change in operation environment.RelevanceThe article is relevant to the area is researching. It contains credible literature and the sources used are all credible. The article also discusses in details the subject it is researching.Critical ReviewI find this article most appropriate for the research.   It has looked into the subject of research in greater detail and has used credible literature. However, it has not taken in-depth primary research but solely relies on secondary researchConclusionThis journal has covered the areas of research in greater details. It has carefully selected literature to be used in each subtopic and has given enough attention to each topic. It is relevant to the area of research.RecommendationsIn order to make the research more reliable, it is recommended that the article should use primary research since this is considered to be more accurate and reliable compared to secondary data.

The Mesoamerican Calendar Ancient Shared Time Keeping

The Mesoamerican Calendar is what modern archaeologists call the method of tracking time used—with some variations—by most of ancient Latin America, including the Aztecs, Zapotecs, and Maya. In fact, all of the Mesoamerican societies were using some form of the calendar when the Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes arrived in 1519 CE. History The mechanisms of this shared calendar involved two parts that worked together to make a 52-year cycle, known as the Sacred and Solar rounds, such that each day had a unique name. The Sacred cycle lasted 260 days, and the Solar one 365 days. The two parts together were used to keep chronologies and king lists, mark historical events, date legends, and define the beginning of the world. The dates were chiseled into stone steles to mark events, painted on tomb walls, carved onto stone sarcophagi and written into bark cloth paper books  called codices. The oldest form of the calendar—the solar round—was likely invented by the Olmec, epi-Olmec, or Izapans about 900-700 BCE, when agricultural was first established. The sacred round may have been developed as a subdivision of the 365-year one, as a tool specifically designed to track important dates for farming. The earliest confirmed combination of sacred and solar rounds is found in the Oaxaca valley at the Zapotec capital site of Monte Alban. There, Stela 12 has a date which reads 594 BCE. There were at least sixty or so different calendars invented in pre-Columbian Mesoamerican, and several dozen communities throughout the region still use versions of it. The Sacred Round The 260-day calendar is called the Sacred Round, the Ritual Calendar or the Sacred Almanac; tonalpohualli in the Aztec language, haab in Maya, and piye to the Zapotecs. Each day in this cycle was named using a number from one to 13, matched with 20-day names in each month. The day names varied from society to society. Scholars have been divided about whether the 260-day cycle represents the human gestation period, some as-yet unidentified astronomical cycle, or the combination of sacred numbers of 13 (the number of levels in heaven according to Mesoamerican religions) and 20 (Mesoamericans used a base 20 counting system). However, there is growing evidence to believe that the fixed 260 days running from February to October represents the agricultural cycle, keyed to the trajectory of Venus, combined with observations of the Pleiades and eclipse events and potentially appearance and disappearance of Orion. These events were observed for more than a century before being codified in the Maya version of the almanac during the second half of the fifteenth century CE. Aztec Calendar Stone The most famous representation of the sacred round is the Aztec Calendar Stone. The twenty-day names are illustrated as pictures around the outside ring. Each day in the sacred round had a particular fate, and, as in most forms of astrology, an individuals fortune could be determined on the basis of her birth date. Wars, marriages, planting crops, all were planned based on the most propitious days. The constellation Orion is significant, in that around 500 BCE, it disappeared from the sky from April 23 to June 12, its annual disappearance coinciding with the first planting of maize, its reappearance when the maize was sprouting. The Solar Round The 365-day solar round, the other half of the Mesoamerican calendar, was also known as the Solar calendar, tun to the Maya, xiuitl to the Aztec, and yza to the Zapotec. It was based on 18 named months, each 20 days long, with a five day period to make a total 365. The Maya, among others, thought those five days were unlucky. Of course, today we know that the earths rotation is 365 days, 5 hours and 48 minutes, not 365 days, so a 365 day calendar throws an error of a day every four years or so. The first human civilization to figure out how to correct that was the Ptolemies in 238 BC, who in the Decree of Canopus required that an extra day be added to the calendar every four years; such a correction was not used by the Mesoamerican societies. The earliest representation of the 365-day calendar dates about 400 BCE. Combining and Creating a Calendar Combining the Solar Round and Sacred Round calendars provides a unique name for each day in a block of every 52 years or 18,980 days. Each day in a 52-year cycle has both have a day name and number from the sacred calendar, and a month name and number from the solar calendar. The combined calendar was called tzoltin by the Maya, eedzina by the Mixtec and xiuhmolpilli by the Aztec. The end of the 52-year-cycle was a time of great foreboding that the world would end, just as the end of modern centuries are celebrated in the same way. Archaeologists believe that the calendar was constructed from astronomical data built from observations of the movements of the evening star Venus and solar eclipses. Evidence for this is found in the Madrid codez( Troano codex), a Maya screen-fold book from Yucatan that most likely dates to the second half of the 15th century CE. On pages 12b-18b can be found a series of astronomical events in the context of the 260-day agricultural round, recording solar eclipses, the Venus cycle, and solstices. Formal astronomical observatories are known in several locations throughout Mesoamerica, such as Building J at Monte Alban; and archaeologists believe that the Maya E-Group is a patterned temple type that was used for astronomical observation as well. The Maya Long Count added another wrinkle to the Mesoamerican calendar, but thats another story. Sources Aveni, Anthony F. An Overview of â€Å"Mesoamerican Cultural Astronomy and the Calendar†. Ancient Mesoamerica 28.2 (2017): 585-86. Print.Brumfiel, Elizabeth M. Technologies of Time: Calendrics and Commoners in Postclassic Mexico. Ancient Mesoamerica 22.01 (2011): 53-70. Print.Clark, John E., and Arlene Colman. Time Reckoning and Memorials in Mesoamerica. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 18.1 (2008): 93–99. Print.Dowd, Anne S. Cycles of Death and Rebirth in Mesoamerican Cultural Astronomy and the Calendar. Ancient Mesoamerica 28.2 (2017): 465-73. Print.Estrada-Belli, Francisco. Lightning Sky, Rain, and the Maize God: The Ideology of Preclassic Maya Rulers at Cival, Peten, Guatemala. Ancient Mesoamerica 17 (2006): 57-78. Print.Galindo Trejo, Jesus. Calendric-Astronomical Alignment of Architectural Structures in Mesoamerica: An Ancestral Cultural Practice. The Role of Archaeoastronomy in the Maya World: The Case Study of the Island of Cozumel. Eds. Sanz, Nuria, et al. Pari s, France: UNESCO, 2016. 21-36. Print.Milbrath, Susan. Maya Astronomical Observations and the Agricultural Cycle in the Postclassic Madrid Codex. Ancient Mesoamerica 28.2 (2017): 489-505. Print.---. The Role of Solar Observations in Developing the Preclassic Maya Calendar. Latin American Antiquity 28.1 (2017): 88-104. Print.Pohl, Mary E. D., Kevin O. Pope, and Christopher von Nagy. Olmec Origins of Mesoamerican Writing. Science 298.5600 (2002): 1984-87. Print.